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References: BNP

  1. Wilkins M, Redondo J, Brown L. The natriuretic-peptide family. Lancet. 1997;349:1307-1310.
  2. Yamamoto K, Burnett JC Jr, Jougasaki M, et al. Superiority of brain natriuretic peptide as a hormonal marker of ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction and ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension. 1996;28:988-994.
  3. Dao Q, Krishnaswamy P, Kazanegra R, et al. Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in an urgent-care setting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(2):379-385.
  4. Triage BNP Test [product insert]. San Diego, Calif; Biosite Incorporated; 2005.

References: Heart Failure

  1. American Heart Association. 2002 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Available at: http://www.americanheart.org.
  2. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. CHF Data Fact Sheet. September 1996.
  3. O'Connell JB, Bristow MR. Economic Impact of Heart Failure in the United States: Time for a Different Approach. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1994;135107-12.

References: BNP Defined

  1. Bonow RO. New insights into the cardiac natriuretic peptides. Circulation. 1996;93:1946-1950.
  2. McDowell G, Shaw C, Buchanan K, Nicholls D. The natriuretic peptide family. Eur J Clin Invest. 1995;25:291-298.
  3. Wilkins M, Redondo J, Brown L. The natriuretic-peptide family. Lancet. 1997;349:1307-1310.
  4. Triage BNP Test [product insert]. San Diego, Calif; Biosite Incorporated; 2002.
  5. Yamamoto K, Burnett JC Jr, Jougasaki M, et al. Superiority of brain natriuretic peptide as a hormonal marker of ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction and ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension. 1996;28:988-994.
  6. Davis M, Espiner E, Richards G, et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide in assessment of acute dyspnea. Lancet. 1994;343:440-444.
  7. Triage BNP Test [product insert]. San Diego, Calif; Biosite Incorporated; 2002.
  8. Maeda K, Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Hisanaga T, Kinoshita M. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a biochemical marker of high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in patients with symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J. 1998;135:825-832.
  9. Sagnella GA. Measurement and significance of circulating natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci. 1998;95:519-529.

References: Economics and Diagnosis

  1. American Heart Association. 2005 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/statistics/07other.html. Accessed August 28, 2005.
  2. O'Connell JB, Bristow MR. Economic impact of heart failure in the United States: time for a different approach. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1994;13:S107-S112.
  3. Wheeldon NM, MacDonald TM, Flucker CJ, McKendrick AD, McDevitt DG, Struthers AD. Echocardiography in chronic heart failure in the community. Q J Med. 1993;86:17-23.
  4. Remes J, Miettinen H, Reunanen A, Pyorala K. Validity of clinical diagnosis of heart failure in primary health care. Eur Heart J. 1991;12:315-321.
  5. McDonagh TA, Robb SD, Murdoch DR, et al. Biochemical detection of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction. Lancet. 1998;351:9-13.
  6. Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K, et al. Use of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the Evaluation and Management of Acute Dyspnea. N England J Med. 2004;350:647-54.

References: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. Wilkins M, Redondo J, Brown L. The natriuretic-peptide family. Lancet. 1997;349:1307-1310.
  2. Yamamoto K, Burnett JC Jr, Jougasaki M, et al. Superiority of brain natriuretic peptide as a hormonal marker of ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction and ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension. 1996;28:988-994.
  3. Triage BNP Test [product insert]. San Diego, Calif; Biosite Incorporated; 2002.
  4. Maeda K, Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Hisanaga T, Kinoshita M. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a biochemical marker of high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in patients with symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J. 1998;135:825-832.
  5. Davis M, Espiner E, Richards G, et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide in assessment of acute dyspnea. Lancet. 1994;343:440-444.
  6. Sagnella GA. Measurement and significance of circulating natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci. 1998;95:519-529.
  7. Dao Q, Krishnaswamy P, Kazanegra R, et al. Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in an urgent-care setting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(2):379-385.